Subhash Chandra Bose

Tags:

General Studies-I
Indian National Movement
Important personality

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was an avid nationalist whose ardent patriotism made him one of the greatest freedom fighters in Indian history. He was also credited with establishing the Indian Army as a separate unit from the British Indian Army which helped to advance the freedom struggle.

Table of Contents

Life Span

Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha. His mother’s name Prabhabati Dutt Bose ( Prabhavati Dutt Bose ) and father’s name Jankinath Bose ( Janakinath Bose did).
After his early schooling, he attended Ravenshaw Collegiate School. He then attended Presidency College Kolkata but was expelled from there due to his radical nationalist activities. After this, he went to the University of Cambridge to study engineering.
In the year 1919, Bose went to London to prepare for the Indian Civil Services (ICS) examination and was also selected there. However, Bose resigned from the civil service as he believed that he could not work with the British.
Subhash Chandra Bose was highly influenced by Vivekananda’s teachings and considered him his spiritual mentor, while Chittaranjan Das was his political guru.
In the year 1921, Bose took over the editing of ‘Forward’, a newspaper published by Chittaranjan Das’s Swaraj Party.
In the year 1923, Bose was elected the President of the All India Youth Congress as well as the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress.
Being associated with revolutionary movements in the year 1925, he was sent to Mandalay prison where he suffered from tuberculosis.
Bose traveled to Europe in the mid-1930s. He did his first research and then wrote the first part of the book titled ‘The Indian Struggle’, in which he covered all the freedom movements of the country during 1920-1934.
Bose constituted the National Planning Commission in 1938 (Haripura) after being elected as the President of the Indian National Congress. This policy was not compatible with Gandhian ideas.
In the year 1939 (Tripuri), Bose was re-elected President but soon resigned from the post of President and formed a faction ‘All India Forward Bloc’ within the Congress aimed at strengthening the political left.
He died in a plane crash on August 18, 1945 in Japanese ruled Formosa (now Taiwan).

Contribution to freedom struggle

CR Relationship with Das: That CR. Das was engaged in political activities with Chittaranjan Das and was also imprisoned with him. When cr. Das was elected the Mayor of Calcutta Co-operation when he nominated Bose as Chief Executive. He was arrested in the year 1924 for his political activities.
Trade Union Movement: He mobilized the youth and promoted the trade union movement. He was elected Mayor of Calcutta in the year 1930, the same year he was also elected President of All India Trade Union Congress- AITUC.
Relations with the Congress: He unconditionally supported Swaraj, meaning freedom, and opposed the Motilal Nehru Report, which called for Dominion status for India.
- He actively participated in the Salt Satyagraha of the year 1930 and opposed the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931 and the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
- In the 1930s, he became Jawaharlal Nehru and M.N. Engaged in Congress’s left politics with Roy.
- Due to the efforts of the Left group, the Congress passed far-reaching radical resolutions in Karachi in 1931, which declared the main Congress target as a socialization of the means of production apart from guaranteeing fundamental rights.
Congress President: Bose was elected President of Congress in Haripura in the year 1938.
- In Tripuri in 1939, he again won the election for the post of President against Gandhi’s candidate Pattabhi Sitarammayya.
- Bose resigned from the post of Congress president due to ideological differences with Gandhiji.
- The aim was to consolidate the left political and major support base in his home state of Bengal.
Civil Disobedience Movement: When World War II started, he was again imprisoned and put under house arrest in Kolkata for participating in civil disobedience.
Indian National Army: Bose managed to flee Berlin via Peshawar and Afghanistan. He arrived in Burma from Japan and organized the Indian National Army there to liberate India with the help of Japan.
- He gave famous slogans like ‘Jai Hind’ and ‘Delhi Chalo’. He died in a plane crash before realizing his dreams.

Azad Hind

Indian Army: Bose established the Independent India Center in Berlin and formed the Indian Army from the Indian prisoners of war, who served for the British in North Africa before being imprisoned by the Axis powers (the Axis powers – Germany, Italy and Japan). The fight was fought.
- In Europe, Bose sought help from Hitler and Mussolini for India’s independence.
Azad Hind Radio was started in Germany in 1942 under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. The purpose of this radio was to propagate the Indians to fight for the freedom from the British.
- On this radio, Bose addressed Mahatma Gandhi as the ‘Father of the Nation’ on 6 July 1944.
Indian National Army: When he reached Japan-controlled Singapore from Germany in July 1943, he issued his famous slogan ‘Delhi Chalo’ and on 21 October 1943 announced the formation of the Azad Hind government and the Indian National Army.
- The INA was first formed under the leadership of Mohan Singh and Japanese Major Iwichi Fujiwara and included the British-Indian Army War captured by Japan in Singapore in the Malayan (present-day Malaysia) campaign. Prisoners were included.
  - The INA included both Indian prisoners in Singapore jail and Indian nationals from South-East Asia. Its military count increased to 50,000.
  - The INA fought the allied forces within the Indian border at Imphal and Burma in the year 1944.
  - However, with the fall of Rangoon, the Azad Hind government became an effective political entity.
  - Soon after the British government prosecuted the INA people in November 1945, there were mass demonstrations across the country.
Impact: The experience of the INA created a wave of discontent in the British Indian Army during the years 1945–46, culminating in a naval uprising of Bombay in February 1946 that forced the British Government to leave India as soon as possible. Given.
INA structure: INA was essentially a non-communal organization, as Muslims were in large numbers among its officers and ranks and it also started a women’s detachment named after the Rani of Jhansi.

FAQ

Who gave Netaji title to Bose?

Shubhash Chandra Bose was a great leader of India. His countrymen called him 'Netaji' because he led them on the right path.

What is the famous dialogue of Subhash Chandra Bose?

Let's remember one of India's bravest freedom fighter with some his memorable quotes: 1. “Give me blood and I will give you freedom!” One of his most quoted lines is from a speech that Bose delivered to the soldiers of Indian National Army that he commanded along with Mohan Singh.