Table of Contents
Optional Subject – Hindi Literature
Question Paper-1
Section: ‘A’ (History of Hindi language and Nagari script)
- A grammatical and applied form of Apabhransh, Avhatta and early Hindi.
- The development of Braj and Awadhi as a literary language in the medieval period.
- Siddha and Nath literature, Khusro, saint literature, Rahim etc. poets and the initial form of Khadi dialect in Deccan Hindi.
- Development of Khadi Boli and Nagari script in the nineteenth century.
- Standardization of Hindi language and Nagari script.
- Development of Hindi as the national language during the independence movement.
- Development of Hindi as the official language of the Indian Union.
- Scientific and technical development of Hindi language.
- Major dialects of Hindi and their interrelation.
- The salient features of Nagari script and its improvement efforts and the form of standard Hindi.
- Grammatical structure of standard Hindi.
Section: ‘Kh’ (History of Hindi literature)
- The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and the tradition of writing history of Hindi literature.
- Literary trends of the following four periods of the history of Hindi literature
(a) Adikal: Siddha, Nath and Raso literature.
Leading poets: Chandbardai, Khusro, Hemachandra, Vidyapati.
(B) Bhakti period: saint poetry stream, Sufi poetry, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Major poets: Kabir, Jayasi, Sur and Tulsi.
(C) Ritikal
: Ritikavya, Ritwit Kavya, Ritmikat Kavya Poets Major poets: Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghanananda.
(D) Modern period: (a) Renaissance, development of prose, Bharatendu Mandal (b) Lead author: Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt and Pratap Narayan Mishra.
(E) Main trends of modern Hindi poetry. Shadowism, Progressivism, Experimentalism, New Poetry, New Song, Contemporary Poetry and Populist Poetry.
Top Poets: Maithilisharan Gupta, Jaishankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’, Mahadevi Verma, Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’, Sachchidananda Hiranand Vatsyayan ‘Agnayya’, Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, Nagarjuna. - Narrative Literature:
(a) Novel and Realism
(b) Origin and Development of Hindi Novels
(c) Major Novelists: Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhishma Sahni.
(D) The origin and development of Hindi story.
(E) Major storytellers: Premchand, Jaishankar Prasad, Sachchidananda Hiranand Vatsyayan ‘Agnayya’, Mohan Rakesh and Krishna Sobti. - Drama and Theater:
(a) Origin and development of Hindi drama
(b) Major playwrights: Bharatendu, Jaishankar Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ramkumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
(C) Development of Hindi theater. - Criticism:
(a) Emergence and development of Hindi criticism – theoretical, practical, progressivist, psychoanalytic criticism and new review.
(B) Major critics – Ramchandra Shukla, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma and Nagendra. - Other genres of Hindi prose: Fine essays, sketches, memoirs, travelogue.
Question Paper-2
You will be required to read the basic textbooks prescribed in this paper and such questions will be asked to test the critical ability of the candidate.
Section: ‘A’ (poetry literature)
- Kabir: Kabir Granthwali (initial 100 posts) no. Shyam Sundar Das
- Surdas: Bhramargeet Sar (Initial 100 verses) No. Ramchandra Shukla
- Tulsidas: Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand), Kavitavali (North Kand)
- Jayasi: Padmavat (Sinhaldwip section and Nagmati disconnection block) No. Shyam Sundar Das
- Bihari: Bihari Ratnakar (Initial 100 couplets) S.No. Jagannath Das Ratnakar
- Maithilisharan Gupta: Bharat Bharti
- Jaishankar Prasad: Kamayani (Concern and Devotion)
- Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’: Raga-Virag (Rama’s Shakti Pooja and Kushmutta) S.No. Ram Vilas Sharma
- Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’: Kurukshetra
- Agnayya : The gate across the courtyard (Asadhyavina)
- Liberation Perception: Brahmarakshas
- Nagarjuna: The cloud is seen to be surrounded, the famine and then the Harijan saga.
Section: ‘B’ (prose literature)
- Bharatendu: India’s plight
- Mohan Rakesh: A Day of Ashadha
- Ramchandra Shukla: Chintamani (Part-1), (what is poetry, devotion-devotion).
- Essay Ventures: Editor: Dr. Satyendra. Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hazariprasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agnayya, Kuberanath Rai.
- Premchand: Godan, Best Stories of ‘Premchand’ (Editor: Amrit Rai)
- Prasad: Skandagupta
- Yashpal: Divya
- Phaniswarnath Renu: Sloppy Aanchal
- Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoja
- Rajendra Yadav (Ed.): One World Parallel (All Stories)